Anlage I
Warum beginnen die Zistersdorfer Matrikelbücher 1626 ?
Die Matrikelbücher der Pfarre Zisterdorf ( Verzeichnisse der Taufen, Trauungen und Begräbnisse innerhalb der Pfarre ) reichen vom Jahr 1626 bis in die Gegenwart, wobei auffällig ist, dass diese Reihe der Matrikelbücher auch nicht durch Katastrophen, wie der Eroberung Zistersdorfs durch die Kuruzzen unter Graf Simon Forgach am 17. Oktober 1706 unterbrochen ist. Es fehlt bloß das Trauungsbuch der Jahre 1663 bis 1706, wobei es naheliegend wäre, dass dafür doch dieses Ereignis the conquest of the city by the Kuruc, a true disaster, the cause is. It is the collection of these directories an exemplary source of local and family history for individual research! But why extend the directories back to 1626 and no further or less far?
The reason lies in the general and the religious history of our country.
The Reformation reached well known, Austria and all countries of the Habsburg - monarchy. Emperor Maximilian II in 1568 granted the lords and knights in Austria Archduchy freedom of religion. The aristocracy was thus (finally) in its Protestant majority, also a Part of the bourgeoisie of the cities. The rural population was probably mostly Catholic, although the needle on his subjects in terms of his religious orientation of pressure exerted. In the background, the constant threat posed by the Turks in Hungary since 1526 (Battle of Mohacs). The Protestant religion in Austria Archduchy but had no nationwide organization, but was a Church of aristocratic patrons (See "History of Austria / Vol.9 Scores freedom and royal power"!).
was the evangelical religion, as so often before, used for example in the War of Schmalkalden, for political purposes, such as the struggle of the Estates and the princes to their respective share of political power. That was explicitly in the period in question the case! Since the majority of the nobility at that time was Protestant and Catholic Habsburgs as the sovereign, the difference in religion was also easy to exploit politically. On top of that, the West European states that were regarded as modern and politically powerful, such as France, England and Spain, monarchy - a centralized structure, were during the Habsburg hereditary lands traditionally in the form of a balance of power of the princes with the estates (nobility, high clergy and towns ) were ruled, which was seen as outdated. The Protestant nobility saw that his religion as a political tool against for more power aspiring princes, where the Habsburgs did it himself, as the powers of the kings of Spain and Sicily was to handle politically much easier than the complicated co-regency of stands in the various diets of the dominions, the 5 Lands of the Bohemian crown and in Hungary, Turkey still to vassals of the Turks in the country and the Prince of Transylvania as.
This constitutional struggle intensified under Emperor Rudolf II, who had promised in Bohemia with the royal charter in 1609 the Bohemian nobles broad religious freedoms and thus provoked the enmity of his brothers (fraternal strife the house of Habsburg "). In Austria, the Protestant nobility, led by the Calvinist Mühlviertler Georg Erasmus of Tschernembl already 1600 a powerful Protestant opposition stands against the sovereign, Emperor Rudolf II had organized. 1608 the Protestants, led Tschernembl blew the Austrian parliament and gathered in Horn ("Horner Bund"), while the remaining parliamentary members remained in Vienna. The "Horner Bund reflected the Habsburgs as rulers to set and negotiated with North German Protestant princes. All these constitutional turmoil led to the Habsburgs (= 5 sons of Emperor Maximilian II ) den Kaiser Rudolf II. zum Verzicht auf die Herrscherrechte in Österreich, Ungarn und den böhmischen Nebenländern nötigten, wo Erzherzog Matthias als nächstältester die Herrscherrechte übernahm. Aber auch Matthias musste dem „Horner Bund“ weitere Zugeständnisse machen.
1611 starb Kaiser Rudolf II. und Matthias folgte ihm auch als König von Böhmen und wurde 1612 in Frankfurt zum Kaiser gekrönt. Die Übergriffe des protestantischen Adels in Böhmen konnten nicht gestoppt werden, wo es besonders um die Aneignung von Kirchengut ging, wie das norddeutsche Beispiele nahe legten. Der Gegensatz zur Regierung in Prag kulminierte im Adelsaufstand von 1618 mit dem 2. Prager Fenstersturz ( die imperial governor, and the counts Martinitz Slavata were thrown out the window of Prague Castle). The King of Bohemia, Emperor Matthias died in 1619 and the Habsburg Archduke Ferdinand set to succeed, the Regent of Inner Austria (Styria, Carinthia) as ruler of Bohemia and Hungary, Austria and the Bohemian side countries. 1619, Emperor Ferdinand (Ferdinand II). The Austrian Emperor Ferdinand freed nobles sat in the Vienna Hofburg under pressure to get additional concessions ("Storm Petition"), but the returning from Hungary Cuirassier the Emperor, by chance, by dieser Pression.
Im Jänner 1620 setzten die protestantischen Adeligen von Böhmen die Habsburger als Herrscher in Böhmen ab und riefen den Kurfürsten Friedrich V. von der Pfalz als neuen König ins Land. Diese waren verbündet mit dem im Horner Bund zusammengeschlossenen Adel Österreichs, dem Adel der böhmischen Nebenländer und dem Fürsten von Siebenbürgen, dem Kalvinisten Bethlen Gabor. Es war dies eine massive und auch gefährliche Revolte gegen die Habsburger und es war eher ein Glück, dass die Türken in einen heftigen Krieg mit den persischen Safawiden verwickelt waren und den 1606 geschlossenen Frieden von Zsitvatorok einhalten mussten.
Der Kaiser Ferdinand II. verbündete sich with the Duke Maximilian of Bavaria and the League of Catholic princes and a joint army under the Bavarian commander Tilly broke into Bohemia. The nobles of the Federal Horner "supported by their forces, the army of the" Winter King "(Friedrich von der Pfalz, so called because he had ruled uninterrupted for a winter). Gabor Bethlen but did not intend to intervene now (he did later, in 30 years of war and siege of 1623 also Zistersdorf). In the Battle of White Mountain near Prague on 8 November 1620 the host of the Winter King defeated. The regime of the Habsburgs in Bohemia was saved!
against the insurgents was now a criminal court. The leaders of the Bohemian revolt were executed in 1621 in Prague Old Town Square. The members of the Federal Horner "came of it too badly: of 62 men were expropriated 51!
The rule was Zistersdorf after the extinction of Pottendorfer 1487 passed into the possession of sovereign and Emperor Rudolf II sold in 1591 to Eustace of Althan been. His son John had to leave his main creditor Zistersdorf Erasmus of Landau. Landau was, like Althan, Protestant and disabilities sustained the local Catholic church organization. There was no Catholic parish Zistersdorf tolerated. There were Protestant preachers. Since Landau führend am „Horner Bund“ beteiligt war, verlor er 1620 alle seine Güter per Konfiskation. 1622 verkaufte die kaiserliche Hofkammer die Herrschaft Zistersdorf an den Feldherrn Rudolf von Teuffenbach, der auch ursprünglich Protestant war, aber zu einem eifrigen Katholiken mutierte. Er gründete 1627 das Franziskanerkloster in Zistersdorf. Im gleichen Jahr wurden alle protestantischen Prediger und Schulmeister aus Österreich ausgewiesen und alle Patronatsherren der Pfarren wurden verpflichtet, katholische Geistliche als Pfarrer vorzuschlagen. In Zistersdorf war durch Teuffenbach offensichtlich schon 1626 die katholische Pfarre wieder in Funktion.
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